Socio-behavioural determinants of mortality in HIV-infected patients receiving combined antiretroviral treatment (cART): results from the ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE cohort
Background: HIV-related
mortality has been dramatically reduced following the advent of combined antiretroviral
treatment (cART). Identifying the changing pattern of predictors of mortality
in HIV-infected patients is becoming a major concern. Few studies have addressed this issue
over the long term. This study aimed to disentangle the impact of clinical and
socio-behavioral predictors of mortality in HIV-infected individuals started on cART 11 years ago in the French ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE cohort.
Methods:
The
APROCO-COPILOTE cohort enrolled 1,281 patients initiating a protease-inhibitor-containing
cART between 1997 and 1999. Clinical and laboratory data were collected every 4
months. Self-administered questionnaires collected psycho-social and behavioral
characteristics at enrolment (M0), and every 8-12 months thereafter. Deaths
from all causes except for accidents, overdoses and suicides, occurring after
M4 were included in the analysis. Predictors of mortality were studied using a
shared-frailty Cox model to take into account informative dropouts.
Results: During
follow-up (M4-M144), 100 deaths occurred among the 1,100 eligible patients who
completed a self-administered questionnaire at M0 and who had >4 months of
follow-up (incidence rate [95% CI]=1.3 [1.0-1.6] per 100 person-years). The
main causes of death were related to cancer (n=26), AIDS (n=23), cardiovascular
diseases (n=12) and hepatitis (n=10). After adjustment for age, baseline CDC
clinical stage C and plasma HIV RNA ≥105 copies/ml, both antiretroviral
naivety at enrolment (only in patients having a time since diagnosis >8
years) and limited early immune recovery (CD4+ cell count/mm3
< 200 at M4 for patients with a level < 200 at M0 or < 500 at M4 for
patients with a level between 200 and 350 at M0) were associated with higher
mortality risk. Moreover, low social status (no high-school education and/or unemployment)
(HR [95% CI]=1.97 [1.12-3.46]) and moderate alcohol consumption (≤1 alcohol
unit/day) (0.48 [0.27-0.87]) were independently associated with mortality. The
risk of death for patients with higher alcohol consumption was not
significantly different from that for abstainers.
Conclusion: Higher
social status and moderate alcohol consumption seem to play a protective role on
mortality in HIV-infected patients receiving ART. The potential benefits of
moderate alcohol consumption need greater exploration in different
socio-cultural contexts.
C. Protopopescu1,2,3, M.P. Carrieri1,2,3, V. Le Moing4, P. Reboud5, L. Piroth6, L. Cuzin7, F. Couturier5, F. Raffi8, B. Spire1,2,3, C. Leport9, the ANRS CO 8 APROCO-COPILOTE Study Group
1INSERM, UMR 912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France, 2Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, IRD, Marseille, France, 3ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France, 4CHU Montpellier, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, IRD, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France, 5INSERM, U 897, Bordeaux, France, 6CHU Dijon, Dijon, France, 7CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France, 8CHRU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France, 9Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 738, Paris, France