The acceptability and safety of the shang ring for adolescent male circumcision in Rakai, Uganda

Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) is recommended for HIV prevention in men. We assessed the acceptability and safety of the Shang Ring device compared to the dorsal slit method of MMC among adolescents.
Methods: HIV-negative, uncircumcised adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who requested free MMC services in rural Rakai, Uganda were informed about the Shang Ring and dorsal slit procedures and offered a free choice of procedure. Participants were followed at 7 days postoperatively to assess adverse events (AEs) related to surgery and to remove the Shang Ring. Wound healing was assessed at 4 weeks postoperatively.
Results: 464 adolescents were enrolled, of whom 384 (82.8%) chose the Shang Ring and 80 the dorsal slit. The Shang Ring was provided to 337 adolescents, because in 47 cases (12.1%) appropriate ring sizes were unavailable, and in 3 cases Ring placement failed (0.9%). 334 adolescents received the Shang Ring and postoperative surgery-related moderate AEs were 1.3%, compared to none among 130 dorsal slit recipients. Complete wound healing at 4 weeks was 92.0% with the Shang Ring and 99.2% with dorsal slit (p< 003). No adolescent resumed sex before 5 weeks. The mean time for surgery was 5.2 minutes with the Ring and 12.3 minutes with the dorsal slit. Mean time for Ring removal was 3.4 minutes.
Conclusions: The Shang Ring is highly acceptable and safe among adolescents in this setting, and could improve the efficiency of MMC services. However, back up surgical services are needed in cases of Ring placement failures or unavailability of appropriate ring sizes.

G. Kigozi1, R. Musoke1, N. Kighoma1, J. Nkale1, D. Serwada2, N. Sewankambo3, S. Watya1, F. Nalugoda1, G. Nalwoga1, D. Namuguzi3, D. Nkakalukanyi1, M. Anyokorit1, G. Nakigozi1, J. Mwinike1, M. Wawer4, R. Gray4
1Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, 2Makarerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda, 3Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, 4Johns Hopkins Blomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States